Abstract
This study presents a dataset obtained during field expeditions to Sorbulak Lake and Kapchagay Reservoir. UAV-based surveys were conducted in the coastal zones of these water bodies using a multispectral camera. Spectral indices were calculated and mapped to detect water surfaces and identify the presence of optically active components in the water bodies, based on satellite products (MNDWI, NDCI, NDMI, NDWI, NDTI, WRI) and UAV-acquired imagery (NDWI, NDCI, WRI, NDTI). A comparative assessment was carried out to evaluate water pollution by optically active components using both satellite imagery and UAV-derived images. The results show that the pollution level of Sorbulak Lake’s coastal zone (turbidity and chlorophyll content) is several times higher than that of Kapchagay Reservoir. UAVs provide high-detail monitoring at small scales, with the ability to perform observations at high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, small-sized multispectral cameras installed on UAVs are limited in the number of spectral bands and in the scale of monitoring they can perform. Conversely, satellite monitoring covers larger areas and offers a greater number of spectral bands, even in free-access satellite products, but at much lower spatial and temporal resolutions. It is evident that integrating the capabilities of both technologies can enhance the quality and timeliness of monitoring large water bodies located in areas of significant anthropogenic impact.