Abstract
The article comprehensively analyzes the role of religious figures — ishans, Hazrets and akhuns — in the process of formation and development of Islamic culture in Kazakh society. Based on historical sources, the author examines the spread of Islam in the Kazakh steppe, its rooting in the public consciousness in close connection with the traditional worldview. The content of the religious titles ishan, akhun, hazret, as well as their spiritual, educational, and social activities is revealed. The study shows the role of the Institute of education (descendants of the prophet), the activities of madrasahs and schools, the features of the traditional (Kadhim) and updated (Jadid) education system. The article examines the functioning of Muslim educational institutions in the context of the colonial policy of tsarist Russia and the requirements imposed on them. In addition, an assessment is given of the influence of the religious reform movement of the 19th and early 20th centuries and the place of the Ishan institute in society. The example of the life and work of such personalities as Doszhan Ishan Kashakuly, Zhiengali Akhun Zhumagaliuly, Zhumagazy hazret Tenkeuly, Zhumagul hazret Baishuakuly, Bisen hazret Abdollauli shows their contribution to preserving the unity of the people and the spiritual integrity of society. The article concludes that due to the preaching activities of religious figures who explained the basic provisions of Islam in a language understandable to the people and combined them with the national tradition, Islamic values have become an integral part of Kazakh society.