Abstract
The article, based on archival materials, examines the history of the deportation of the peoples of the North Caucasus, primarily Chechens, to the Aktobe region in 1944. Particular attention is paid to the plans for the settlement of special settlers across the districts of the region, their involvement in agricultural and industrial production, as well as their living conditions, food provision, medical care, and socio-economic situation. Documents from the Aktobe Regional State Archive reveal significant organizational shortcomings of local authorities, the severe socio-economic conditions of the special settlers, unsanitary living conditions, and the widespread occurrence of various diseases. The article also analyzes the causes of social tension and specific offenses recorded among the resettled population. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the consequences of the totalitarian system for human destinies and the specific features of forced migration processes in the history of Kazakhstan, as well as to formulating important scholarly conclusions in the context of restoring historical justice and reinterpreting historical experience.