Abstract
In modern conditions, strengthening the role of the state in managing the processes related to the use and protection of water resources is a key factor determining the socio-economic stability and direction of the country's development. A well-considered policy in the field of water relations and the development of effective standards for rational water use make it possible to preserve water as the basis of all life. However, at present, there are significant shortcomings in state policy and management systems, leading to adverse and sometimes irreversible consequences in the field of water resources. Kazakhstan continues to face serious issues related to water resources. One of the main problems is the constant increase in water consumption by the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors, which directly affects the depletion of water reserves. These processes result in a reduction of surface and groundwater volumes, as illustrated by the drying of the Aral Sea. In addition, the issues of distribution and joint use of transboundary water bodies remain relevant. The relevance of this research lies in the need to analyze intersectoral and interregional relationships in water use and assess their importance for the sustainable development of Kazakhstan. The main objective is to identify priority directions for rational water management, determine key regional problems, and conduct a strategic analysis of the country's development opportunities. The paper examines modern approaches to water resource management in Kazakhstan and worldwide in addressing water supply, protection, and flood control challenges