Abstract
The article analyzes the biogeochemical problems of irrigated soils with varying degrees of salinity. In particular, it provides a comprehensive discussion of the composition, structure, and geochemical characteristics of biogeochemical barriers formed as a result of the development of arzik–shoxli and shox–arzikli horizons in irrigated meadow–saline soils of the Central Fergana region. In addition, within the group of radial barriers, two-sided (bipolar) barriers are distinguished, and the geochemical as well as physicochemical differences between their upper and lower parts are scientifically characterized. The research findings indicate that the processes and properties occurring in the upper part of the horizon differ significantly from those observed in its lower part, confirming the complex nature of matter and element migration within the soil profile.