Abstract
In large-scale cloud environments, virtualization plays a key role not only in application deployment and workload distribution but also in the effective management of platform services and resources. The use of containerization technology, alongside traditional approaches such as virtual machines, is becoming increasingly popular in modern cloud infrastructures. Containers provide a simpler and faster method of virtualization compared to virtual machines, accelerating the deployment and management of applications in isolated environments and thereby enabling more efficient resource utilization. For developers, containers offer a convenient solution for testing application components and building microservice-based architectures. As a result, containerization is becoming the preferred solution for modern cloud environments and current business needs. Therefore, this study is dedicated to examining modern and widely recognized container technologies. The article analyzes contemporary containerization and orchestration technologies using parameters such as container performance, scalability, and resource management. Particular attention is given to orchestrators such as Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, and Apache Mesos, as well as a range of container-based solutions, with an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. This work may be useful for IT specialists in selecting the most appropriate tools for application development and the implementation of their cloud strategies.