Abstract
With the in-depth advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, China and Kazakhstan, as core countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt, have witnessed increasingly frequent cross-border entrepreneurship and economic and trade cooperation. As the core subject of regulating entrepreneurial activities, the institutional design and practice of the executive branch directly determine the entrepreneurial threshold, operational costs, and development vitality of market entities. Centering on the regulatory subject status of the executive branch in entrepreneurial activities, this paper systematically sorts out the institutional frameworks of entrepreneurial regulation in China and Kazakhstan, conducts a comparative analysis around four core dimensions—licensing and registration systems, administrative supervision and inspection, risk-oriented regulation, and digital regulation, clarifies the similarities, differences, and causes of the two countries' systems, and finally proposes paths for institutional optimization and cross-border regulatory coordination between the two countries. The study finds that both China and Kazakhstan take "simplifying access, standardizing regulation, and stimulating vitality" as the core direction of reform. However, due to differences in legal systems, stages of market economic development, and other factors, the two countries' regulatory systems exhibit significant disparities in terms of system completeness, reform depth, and digitalization level. This research can provide a reference for enriching the theory of comparative market regulation and facilitating China-Kazakhstan cross-border entrepreneurial cooperation.