Abstract
Spinal fusion is one of the most common methods of treating spinal injuries, but despite improvements in implant designs, the incidence of pseudoarthrosis remains high. In this regard, there is growing interest in cell technologies aimed at enhancing osteogenesis.A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for the period 2016 -2025. The analysis included clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses onthe use of cell technologies in spondylodesis of the thoracic and lumbar spine.The review examines the use of mesenchymal stromal cells, bone marrow aspirate, stromal -vascular fraction, bone morphogenetic proteins, bioactive peptides, and autologous growth factors. Analysis of the literature shows that the use of cell technologies contributes to the enhancement of regenerative processes in spinal fusion and improves clinical treatment outcomes.Cell technologies represent a promising direction for improving the effectiveness of spinal fusion. Further research should focus on standardising application protocols and studying long-term treatment outcomes.Keywords:thoracic and lumbar spine, spinal fusion, mesenchymal stromal cells, bone morphogenetic protein, stromal vascular fraction, bone marrow aspirate, cell-based therapies.