Abstract
The article examines the transformation of the archetype of “Homeland” in the national historical consciousness of Kazakh literature. The archetype of “Homeland” represents one of the oldest cultural and spiritual concepts in the literature, where spatial and existential meanings intersect. To understand the core meaning of this archetype in Kazakh literary studies, the research is based on the analysis of local poetic texts grounded in nomadic cosmology and cultural semiotics. Using archetypal, mythopoetic, and discursive analysis, the concept of “Homeland” is classified as a structural model consisting of three components, based on spatial anthropology associated with the archetype of “Mother” and the theoretical principles of the Turkic mythopoetic tradition. The results of the analysis show that archetypal spaces such as Ötüken, Zheruyik, and Saryarka in the national literary tradition function as a sacred code within the collective national consciousness. In Alash literature, the transformation of the “Homeland” archetype into the model of the “Wounded Homeland” under the conditions of colonial discourse is substantiated, becoming an artistic system that renews national unity. The analysis of the transformation of the “Homeland” archetype in the national consciousness reflected in literature makes it possible to expand the scope of archetype theory within contemporary literary-theoretical paradigms and to make a significant contribution to the study and conceptualization of its application in literature. The author expects that this research will contribute to a deeper exploration of the archetypal layers of Alash literature