ТУБЕРОЗНЫЙ СКЛЕРОЗ (БУРНЕВИЛЛЯ-ПРИНГЛА). ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

2026

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DOI 10.61075/kncdiz-2707-3696.2026.95.1.003
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Литературный обзор обобщает современные сведения о туберозном склерозе с акцентом на генетические основы (TSC1/TSC2), частоту и клинический полиморфизм, дерматологические маркеры (гипомеланотические пятна, ангиофибромы, «шагреневая» кожа, пери-/подногтевые фибромы), а также на эволюцию диагностических критериев и роль дерматолога в раннем выявлении. Проведён ретроспективный поиск (2014-2024) по международным и российским базам; отобрано 29 полнотекстовых публикаций. Суммированы данные о долгосрочном наблюдении и междисциплинарном ведении пациентов; обсуждены возможности лазерных и хирургических методик и доказательная база применения ингибиторов mTOR (топический сиролимус/рапамицин, системный эверолимус) при кожных проявлениях туберозного склероза, их эффективность и ограничения по безопасности. Делается вывод о критической важности ранней дерматологической диагностики, валидации диагноза генетическим тестированием и персонализированного, мультидисциплинарного сопровождения на протяжении жизни. This literature review summarises current knowledge about tuberous sclerosis, focusing on its genetic basis (TSC1/TSC2), frequency and clinical polymorphism, dermatological markers (hypomelanotic patches, angiofibromas, shagreen skin, peri-/subungual fibromas), as well as the evolution of diagnostic criteria and the role of dermatologists in early detection. A retrospective search (2014–2024) was conducted in international and Russian databases; 32 full-text publications were selected. Data on long-term observation and interdisciplinary management of patients were summarised; the possibilities of laser and surgical techniques and the evidence base for the use of mTOR inhibitors (topical sirolimus/rapamycin, systemic everolimus) in skin manifestations of TS, their effectiveness and safety limitations were discussed. The conclusion is made about the critical importance of early dermatological diagnosis, validation of the diagnosis by genetic testing, and personalised, multidisciplinary support throughout life.