Abstract
This article analyzes the history of archaeological research on Early Metal Period sites in the Syrdarya–Karatau region, encompassing both the chronological dynamics of scholarly investigations and the characteristics of the most significant archaeological sites. The main stages of research are identified, ranging from initial observations in the 19th century to contemporary multidisciplinary expeditions. Particular attention is given to multilayered sites such as the Tuttybulak-I cave, as well as the Arpauzen and Turkestan-I sites. The achievements of the 2020–2022 field seasons are outlined, and prospects for further exploration are discussed. Based on the studied research materials, a periodization scheme for the development of Bronze Age cultures in Southern Kazakhstan during the 2nd millennium BC is proposed for the first time.