Abstract
As the world grapples with rising carbon dioxide levels and the urgent need for sustainable energy, nanotechnology offers a hopeful path forward. In this chapter, we investigate how metal and bimetallic oxide nanocatalysts, particularly derived from platinum alloys, are being designed to convert CO 2 into useful fuels and chemicals using electrochemical processes. Due to the catalysts synthesized through the modified polyol method, the discussion focuses on how the use of transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, and iron in Pt-based systems can aid in catalytic performance, cost reductions, and improved performance in the long term. We also analyze how the oxide-supported perovskites and spinels enhance catalytic efficiency due to the excellent metal-support interface, as well as facilitate the charge movement. The highlighting of core-shell and alloy structures, offering tunable electronic environments, crucial in CO 2 reduction reactions (CO 2 RR), is done. Pathways for converting CO 2 into products like CO, formate, and hydrocarbons are studied, along with relevant performance metrics such as Faradaic efficiency and current density. Looking ahead, the chapter outlines how AI-driven catalyst discovery and integration into renewable energy systems can help scale CO 2 conversion technologies for real-world applications.