Abstract
The principal aim of this research is to assess the conformity of the legal and procedural frameworks concerning adoption of children in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan with the international standards. Also it seeks to research the adoption processes, identify the challenges and recommend in order to improve protection of children’s rights. Both countries pursue same goals, such as put the child’s best interest first, but with different implementation of them due to cultural and legislative context. The two countries place strict judicial oversight to post-adoption monitoring, but Uzbekistan prioritizes cultural preservation and family based placements. As a comparative legal analysis, systematic methodology and case law, but supplemented by statistical data and international standards including the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption, the study uses harmonious and integrated methodology. The findings include gaps in post adoption monitoring, inconsistent judicial practices and spotty support for adoptive families. Along with low adoption rate of children with disabilities, hence, inclusive policies are required. The research contributes by providing actionable recommendations as national law harmonizing with international norms, introducing mandatory parental training for adoptive parents, and post adoption oversight. Outcomes both practical and idealistic include improved social support systems and specialized family courts as well as increased public awareness of adoption benefits. The intent is for these measures to help make adoptions a stronger practice, to make sure every child has the right to grow up in a safe and supportive family environment. Keywords: adoption procedures, child protection, international standards, children's rights, post-adoption monitoring.