Abstract
The study focuses on distributed control systems managing objects affected by varying and unpredictable delays, both in terrestrial and space applications. It examines how these delays impact the stability and accuracy of remote control systems, especially in environments with variable transmission times. The main issue addressed is instability caused by variable delays in IoT-based control systems, which affect both terrestrial systems (such as smart homes and industrial automation) and space missions (such as controlling space objects from Earth). The challenge is ensuring stable and accurate control despite unpredictable delays in communication channels. A new control system design is proposed, incorporating a unique controller structure with a bypass channel to ensure stability under variable delays. The system was validated through mathematical modeling, showing a maximum overshoot of 3% in the PID configuration and near elimination of overshoot with the bypass channel. It outperforms traditional methods like the Smith predictor, which fails when delays deviate by as little as 1–3%. The proposed system ensures stable and accurate control in both terrestrial IoT applications, effectively handling unpredictable delays and maintaining performance in real-time environments