Abstract
Purpose of the research – to analyze the role of critical minerals in diversifying Kazakhstan’s economy and to assess the country’s strategy for moving to higher levels of global value chains. Methodology – a comprehensive assessment of factors influencing Kazakhstan’s positioning in critical mineral supply chains was conducted using a systematic literature review, PESTEL analysis of the external environment, SWOT analysis of internal factors, and the TOWS strategic matrix. Originality / value of the study – the authors integrate geopolitical analysis with an economic assessment of the potential for developing Kazakhstan’s processing industries in the context of the global energy transition. The study explores opportunities for the country to advance in global critical mineral value chains through the application of the TOWS matrix for the formation of targeted strategic initiatives. Findings – it was determined that despite having 124 deposits of rare earth elements and significant reserves of critical minerals, Kazakhstan’s share of high-tech exports remains only 26.9%. The study substantiates that to advance in global value chains, Kazakhstan must overcome technological barriers and strengthen international cooperation. A matrix of strategic initiatives (TOWS) has been developed, including the creation of joint ventures with technology leaders, diversification of export markets, engagement of international partners for technology transfer, and transition to a green economy.