Abstract
Currently, research is being conducted to modify and improve extraction methods in several directions, including advancements in technical equipment, substitution of solvents, optimization of extraction conditions, and, in particular, the application of physical factors such as ultrasonic treatment. Among the innovative and promising approaches is the use of ultrasound to extract various biologically active compounds from natural materials. This article presents the results of a scientific study on the ultrasound- assisted extraction of Alhagi pseudalhagi roots. The chemical composition of the extract was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 30 chemical compounds were identified, including several valuable biologically active substances. According to the GC-MS analysis, the major components were gentriacontane (18.83%), β-sitosterol (18.13%), and lupeol (11.85%). The main factors influencing the diffusion of extractive substances from raw materials into the extractant—namely, ultrasonic power, sonication time, and temperature—have been investigated. These factors were used to design a full three-factor experimental plan. Consequently, a mathematical representation of the ultrasound-assisted extraction mechanism was established for further simulation and analysis. The resulting regression equation allows for the evaluation of the influence of these factors on extract yield.