Abstract
Public street illumination plays a vital role in urban safety while accounting for a considerable portion of municipal energy usage and operating expenditure. To find a real-time solution for this challenge, this work presents an Internet of Things (IoT) based smart lighting framework that improves energy efficiency using a centralized and distributed node control strategy. Light intensity is adjusted in a dynamical manner using voltage regulators, relays, and transformers. This results in reducing power consumption by balancing required illumination levels. Ambient illumination levels and motion activity are identified using a combination of light-dependent resistors and passive infrared sensing units. A Raspberry Pi functions as the master node and Arduino boards act as slave nodes and communication is through HC-12 module. Current and potential transformers measure electrical parameters, with real-time data uploaded to a central server for remote monitoring and analysis. This approach offers significant advantages in terms of energy savings, cost efficiency, and environmental sustainability, making it suitable for deployment in diverse locations and contributing to smart city development, sustainability, and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.