Abstract
Yusuf Khass Hajib’s work Kutadgu Bilig is a valuable source of linguistic data that reveals aspects of human nature in the cognitive consciousness of the Turks of the 11th century. The genetic layer of the written monument’s language consists of approximately 85% Turkic words, with abstract concepts reflecting spiritual values expressed through purely Turkic terms. These abstract notions serve as spiritual concepts that provide insights into the essence of human nature from the perspective of the Turkic worldview. This article presents a comprehensive lexical and semantic analysis of the lexeme aḳı (generosity), which is identified as one of the key virtues of the ideal individual in Kutadgu Bilig. The study demonstrates with concrete evidence that scholars of the Karakhanid era, when incorporating abstract notions introduced through Islam, made extensive use of the rich Turkic vocabulary. The lexeme aḳı is derived from the verb aḳ, which is of ancient Turkic origin. The article also examines the transcription of Kutadgu Bilig by Turkish scholar Professor Reşit Rahmeti Arat, who compiled the text from three versions, and compares it with Kazakh-language translations.