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Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2026
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
With an area of 2,724,900 sqkm, the Republic of Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country, and the 12 largest landlocked autonomous territory, in the world. Located at multiple crossroads in Central Asia, 13Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic communities. However, the country 14 experienced unprecedented political and economic changes over the last three centuries.