Abstract
Modern global environmental changes are increasingly regarded as a complex of interrelated processes leading to a decline in the resilience of natural and socioecological systems. One of the most large-scale examples of anthropogenic ecosystem degradation is the Aral Sea crisis, the consequences of which extend far beyond the regional level. This article analyzes the main trends of climate change in the Aral Sea region associated with the desiccation of the Aral Sea, transformation of the hydrological regime, and intensification of climatic aridization. Special attention is paid to contemporary climatic anomalies, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, desertification processes, and their impacts on ecosystems and public health. The results indicate that under ongoing global climate change, the Aral Sea region remains one of the most environmentally vulnerable territories of Central Asia, requiring integrated scientific assessment and sustainable management strategies.