Nuclear modification factor of inclusive charged particles in Au+Au collisions at sNN=19.6 and 27 GeV with the STAR experiment

Aitbayev Alisher Zhanbolatuly

2026

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DOI 10.1142/s0218301326410338
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram, characterized by temperature (T) and baryon chemical potential ([Formula: see text]), features a transition from hadronic matter to a deconfined Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP) at certain values of T and [Formula: see text]. The Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) explores this phase structure by systematically varying the collision energy of [Formula: see text] collisions, with a key focus on locating the QCD phase boundary and the critical point. During the first phase (BES-I, 2010–2014), STAR experiment measured the nuclear modification factor ([Formula: see text]) of inclusive charged particles in [Formula: see text] collisions in the energy range from [Formula: see text] to 39[Formula: see text]GeV. In 2018, the STAR experiment initiated the second phase of the BES program (BES-II), which has a tenfold increase in statistics compared to the first phase. This enables better precision [Formula: see text] measurements. By 2018–2019, STAR collected more than 500 million [Formula: see text] events at [Formula: see text] and 27[Formula: see text]GeV, two orders of magnitude larger than the BES-I dataset at these energies. In these proceedings, we present new measurements of charged-particle production and [Formula: see text] measurements on the high-statistics BES-II data at [Formula: see text] and 27[Formula: see text]GeV, comparing them with BES-I results. We further evaluate theoretical expectations using UrQMD and hydrodynamic ([Formula: see text]) model predictions, testing their description of the experimental observations. By extending the analysis to higher transverse momenta ([Formula: see text]), we probe potential jet quenching effects and assess implications for QGP formation and properties at lower collision energies.