Abstract
his article is devoted to the problem of conveying non-equivalent vocabulary in literary translation. A novel, “Troubled Times” by Kazhigali Mukhanbetkaliuly, which focused on a challenging period in Kazakhstan’s past in the 18th century, served as the primary material for the study.The object of this study is four Kazakh ethnographic lexemes, such as nagashy, zhien, kyryk serkesh beru, and basire, and the subject is the translation techniques used in their translations into Russian and English. As a result of comprehensive analysis, including linguocultural, comparative, and translation approaches, it was found that the following translation techniques were used in translating the aforementioned lexemes: approximate translation, descriptive translation, omission, concretization, generalization, literal translation, and transliteration with a footnote. The analysis showed that the translation techniques used in the English translation are completely consistent with the Russian version, since the English text was translated from Russian. In both cases, the strategy of domestication is predominant. The findings of this study offer practical value for literary translators and researchers working with non-equivalent vocabulary. Future research may focus on developing glossaries and methodological guidelines for the translation of ethnographic lacunae and realia, adapted to specific language pairs