Abstract
This research work provides for the possibility of cleaning soils contaminated with heavy metals with nanostructured sorbents made from plant residues. As the object of the study, soil samples from Almaty, Semey, Aktau and Ridder were taken, and the process of sorption was carried out with biosorbents made from rice husks, Pine buds and sunflower husks. Physico-chemical studies (Sam, bat, RFA) were carried out on samples prepared by carbonization of sorbents in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 800°C. The results showed that sorbents have a high porosity and a developed surface area, which increases their adsorption capacity. According to 5-day adsorption experiments, manganese (Mn) and rubidium (Rb) were effectively sorbed with all sorbents (30-70 %). At the same time, it was shown that sunflower husks effectively absorb rubidium, Pine buds-manganese and strontium, and rice husks-iron and rubidium. The results obtained show that carbon nanosorbents from plant residues are capable of effectively cleaning soils contaminated with heavy metals and are suitable for their use as an environmentally safe physico-mechanical method.