Analysis of Hospital Admissions of Patients with Hyperthyroidism in Kazakhstan Based on Data from the Unified National Electronic Health System 2013-2022

Tilektes Maulenkul, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Kuralay K. Atageldiyeva

2025

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DOI 10.32921/2663-1776-2025-60-7-jhd036
Data confidence 85 high
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Abstract

Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder associated with significant cardiovascular, ophthalmological, and systemic complications if inadequately treated. While extensive epidemiological data are available from high-income countries, population-levelevidence from Central Asia remains scarce. In Kazakhstan, thyroid disorders continue to represent a public health concern, and comprehensive national data on hyperthyroidism are limited.Objective: To describe the epidemiology, socio-demographic characteristics, clinical features, treatment patterns, complications, and mortality among patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism in Kazakhstan.Methods.A retrospective population-based study was conducted using data from the Unified National Electronic Health System of Kazakhstan. Patients hospitalized with hyperthyroidism (ICD-10 code E05) between 2013 and 2022 were included. Demographic variables, regional distribution, ICD-10 subtypes, surgical and interventional treatments, complications, and mortality outcomes were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings.Results.A total of 10,122 patients with hyperthyroidism were identified. Females predominated (72.2%), with the highest burden observed among individuals aged 18–70 years. Most patients were of Kazakh ethnicity (77.6%), and cases were nearly evenly distributed between urban and rural areas, with higher concentrations in Astana, Almaty, and East Kazakhstan regions. Graves’ disease (E05.0) accounted for approximately 80% of diagnoses. Total and subtotal thyroidectomy were the most common definitive treatments, together representing over 17% of cases. Cardiovascular (11.7%) and ophthalmological (6.5%) complications were most frequently observed. Overall mortality during the study period was 6.8%, with no significant sex-based differences.Conclusions. This study provides the first comprehensive national epidemiological assessment of hyperthyroidism in Kazakhstan. The findings highlight a substantial disease burden among women andworking-age adults and underscore the importance of early diagnosis, optimized management strategies, and improved long-term follow-up to reduce complications and mortality.Keywords:Hyperthyroidism, Epidemiology, Population Data, Kazakhstan, inpatient records