The Relationship among Fossil Fuel Energy, Economic Development, Institutional Quality, Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment and Forest in European Countries

Jamshid Pardaev, Dilshad Ibadullaev, Ziyat Niyazovich Kurbanov, Mansur Pulatovich Eshov, O'g'iljon Artiqova, Lyailya Maratovna Mutaliyeva

2025

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)

DOI 10.32479/ijeep.22456

Data confidence 70 medium

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Abstract

Currently, the harmful nature of fossil fuel is being discussed in the forest context in Europe. Therefore, this research examines the effect of fossil fuel energy on forest area in the panel of 39 European countries during the period 2000-2024. For the empirical estimations, Quantile regression estimated through the Method of Moments framework is employed which is robust to heteroscedasticity. The findings reveal that fossil fuel energy negatively and significantly impacts on forest area across all the quantiles from 10% to 90%. Policy implications should prioritize the role of fossil energy in shaping forest policy.