Abstract
This study addresses a critical gap in understanding social entrepreneurship in Central Asia by providing a comparative, data-driven analysis of institutional frameworks, sectoral challenges, and developmental impacts, offering timely insights for strengthening support ecosystems in the region. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including a comparative analysis of legal and regulatory frameworks, statistical data, and the results of an online survey of 568 social entrepreneurs, as well as structured interviews with 20 key experts. The findings reveal substantial disparities in institutional support, sectoral maturity, and levels of social engagement. The survey of sector representatives showed that over 40% of respondents assessed the level of social entrepreneurship development in their countries as weak, while an additional 30% were unable to provide a definitive assessment. The analysis of funding sources indicates a high dependency on external resources: in Uzbekistan, 33.8% of income is derived from grants, while in Kyrgyzstan this figure stands at 19.6%. The study's outcomes provide a basis for practical recommendations aimed at national governments and international organizations to foster a sustainable support ecosystem for social entrepreneurship in the region.