Abstract
The article presents a historiographical analysis of key studies on the formation of Kazakhstan’s multiethnic population in the 19th and 20th centuries. The author examines major scholarly works addressing migration processes, Cossack colonization, resettlement policies, and their impact on the region’s demographic development. The applied methods include historical-comparative analysis, the study of archival and statistical data, as well as a critical review of historiography. The research identifies the main directions and issues in demographic studies of Kazakhstan and outlines promising areas for further exploration. This work highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to studying the history of the republic’s population formation.