Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a growing global challenge driven by urbanization, consumption, and limited landfill capacity.Pyrolysis offers a promising route to reduce volume while recovering fuels and chemicals.This review synthesizes recent advances in MSW pyrolysis, emphasizing operating parameters, reaction mechanisms, and process optimization.We examine catalytic systems, product distribution, and how source-segregation shifts feedstock composition.Industrial case studiesincluding failures -are used to surface practical constraints.Beyond technology, economic viability, regulatory compliance, and public acceptance are critical for deployment.We conclude with research priorities to bridge lab-scale progress and sustainable, industrial implementation.