Abstract
Abstract. The article presents the results of many years of research conducted by LLP «Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing» (hereinafter – LLP «KazRIFVG») on the study and improvement of grape variety assortment. Grape varieties of domestic breeding were studied under the climatic conditions of southern Kazakhstan based on economically valuable traits such as adaptability, yield capacity, resistance to major diseases, etc. The development of viticulture in Kazakhstan is impossible without the introduction of new promising grape varieties that are resistant to environmental stress factors. Current breeding efforts are already yielding positive results – new varieties are emerging in Kazakhstan that meet the needs of both farmers and consumers. For the further development of the industry, it is essential to continue government support for breeding programs, implement modern agricultural technologies, and expand the testing of new varieties in various agro-climatic zones of the country. The article provides a comparative analysis of introduced grape varieties from 2021 to 2024 in the ecological and climatic conditions of the Saryagash district of Turkestan region at the regional branch "Saryagash" of LLP "KazRIFVG." As a result of the research, the following grape varieties and hybrid forms stood out in terms of yield per bush: KV-2/9 – 8.63 kg, DV - 10/11 – 7.83 kg, and Mereitoy-50 – 7.3 kg. The lowest indicator was shown by Muscat Hungarian (st) – 4.6 kg. Compared to Muscat Hungarian (st), KV-2/9 yielded 1.88 times more, and DV-10/11 and Mereitoy-50 – 1.59 times more. In terms of yield capacity (centners per hectare), the highest results were demonstrated by the hybrid forms KV-2/9 – 188.9 c/ha, DV-10/11 – 173.3 c/ha, as well as the variety Mereitoy - 50 – 162.2 c/ha. The obtained results can be used not only in scientific research but also in the establishment of modern industrial orchards aimed at increasing the productivity and quality of fruit production. Keywords: variety, grape hybrid forms, winter hardiness, yield capacity, adaptation, ripening period