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2025
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
The article examines the consequences of the 1930s famine in Kazakhstan, focusing on the mass migration of refugee children and their socio-psychological vulnerability. Based on archival data, it analyzes the scale of the humanitarian crisis and the issue of homelessness in border regions. The study makes a significant contribution to understanding the historical causes of demographic changes and social protection during extreme catastrophes.