Abstract
This article analyzes the phenomenon of multilingualism and bilingualism in Turkic-speaking countries, where the coexistence of national, regional, and international languages has historically developed. It examines the current challenges related to the preservation of ethno-cultural identity and integration into the global educational and communication space. Special attention is given to the sociolinguistic processes in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Turkey, as well as the specifics of the interaction between Turkic languages and Russian, English, and other global languages. The paper presents the opinions of researchers on language interference, sociolinguistic dynamics, and the prospects of bilingual education. It concludes that there is a need for a comprehensive language policy aimed at preserving national languages and developing a multicultural personality.