Abstract
In the context of growing global demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable energy, the use of thorium as a nuclear fuel attracts special attention. This research work is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities of processing mining industrial waste containing thorium, with a view to their use in thorium energy. The paper considers the mineral monazite as a key source of thorium formed in the dumps of the gold mining and rare earth industries. Theoretical studies have been conducted aimed at developing mathematical models of the thorium reactor core using the ANSYS and COMSOL Multiphysics software systems. The models take into account the processes of neutron transfer, heat transfer, coolant flow, and mechanical stresses. Physico-chemical methods of thorium extraction from waste have also been investigated in order to minimize environmental risks. Data on the geology and reserves of thorium in Kazakhstan are presented, where promising deposits have been identified, including in the Mangystau region, South Kazakhstan region and North Kazakhstan region. The results of the study emphasize the high technological and environmental feasibility of developing thorium energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan and create a scientific basis for the introduction of fourth-generation thorium-based reactors.