Abstract
Kabul, one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, played a pivotal role during the Kushan Empire as a major hub of religion, culture, and commerce. This study mainly aims to explore the cultural heritage of the city and the historical monuments of the Kushan period using historical sources, archaeological research, and recent discoveries. Results indicate that the city of Kabul had many major Buddhist temples, stupas, and centers of learning such as Chakari, Kamari, Bala Hissar, Tape Maranjan, and Tangi Seydan, all of which architects show a fusion of Gandharan, Greek, and local styles. Statues, as well as coins and inscriptions excavated, have thrown some light on the city's socio-economic and religious structure and have brought to light the city's role in spreading Buddhism across the region. Further, this research shows that Kabul had a strategic location along the Silk Road, contributing to its cultural prosperity and economic wealth. Results further illustrate the importance of Kabul within the Kushan period and highlight an urgent need for preservation and further studies into Kabul's heritage sites.