Abstract
Introduction: Studying risk factors for metabolic disorders among ethnic populations is important for the early diagnosis of prediabetes. Among the Kazakh population, factors such as diet, body weight, and family history may influence insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 practically healthy Kazakh individuals aged 18 to 70 years (mean age 45.2 ± 11.8 years). A questionnaire administered prior to laboratory testing collected data on lifestyle, dietary habits, physical activity levels, and family medical history. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Results: The mean BMI was 28.1 ± 4.2 kg/m². The average waist circumference was 89.2 ± 10.5 cm for men and 83.7 ± 9.4 cm for women. A total of 65% of participants reported adherence to a traditional diet high in flour-based foods, meats, fatty dairy products, and sweets. Only 24–27% consumed the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables. 52% reported regular physical activity. A family history of cardiovascular disease was present in 27% of participants. Discussion: The survey data support the hypothesis that dietary patterns play a key role in shaping the risk of insulin resistance. The consistency of these findings with laboratory data from the main study (including glucotypes and glycemic variability) highlights the importance of considering ethnic-specific characteristics in diagnostics..