Abstract
The object of this study is the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated in livestock farming, primarily methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide (N2O) from manure management processes. The problem under study is the lack of instrumental methods and national programs for measuring and reducing emissions from confined animals, which results in excessive methane release and inefficient manure utilization. Based on inventory data, the results show that annual agricultural emissions amount to 20,982.25 thousand tons of CO2-eq. methane (58% of agricultural GHGs) and 15,239.72 thousand tons of CO2-eq. nitrous oxide (42%), with a total of 319.547 million tons of CO2, 2.313 million tons of CH4, and 0.058 million tons of N2O released in 2018. Interpretation of these results confirms that improper manure storage, outdated technologies, and the absence of biogas recovery systems are the main contributors to elevated GHG emissions worldwide. The distinctive feature of this research is the development of autonomous climate-friendly bioenergy systems equipped with solar collectors and bioreactors that convert animal waste into biogas and organic fertilizer. This innovative technological solution not only explains the mechanisms of emission reduction but also demonstrates how livestock enterprises can generate renewable thermal and electrical energy, covering up to 80–85% of their total energy demand. The practical significance of the study lies in demonstrating how the integration of such biogas technologies can improve environmental safety, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, enhance long-term energy resilience, and promote sustainable agricultural development on a global scale