Abstract
In the second half of the 19th century, the Kuldja (Ili) Sultanate, which was one of the smallest states in Xinjiang, did not last long, but it was responsible for the emergence of a number of political factors and historical processes in Xinjiang. The reasons for the uprising arose from the political movements of the Uyghurs and Dungans, who tried to organize ways to create a state and live independently in the region. At that time, various local peoples lived in the Ili region of Xinjiang, the main ones being the Uyghurs, Dungans and Kazakhs. The Uyghurs and Dungans of the Ili region rebelled, fleeing from Chinese oppression, and among them were local Kazakhs. The Uyghur (Taranchin) and Dungan rebellion, which directly caused the creation of the Kuldja Sultanate, is considered one of the important topics in Russian historical science. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the history of the liberation uprising of the Uighurs and Dungans in the Ili region in the 60s of the XIX century, a scientific analysis of the political causes of the uprising, its course and results. A historical assessment of the political and social situation and fate of other Turkic-Muslim peoples of the Ili region during this period is given. In addition, the policy of the Russian Empire in relation to political issues occurring in the Ili region is shown.