Abstract
Introduction: Varicose vein disease (VVD) of the lower extremities is a widespread condition that significantly affects patients’ quality of life and often leads to complications such as thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, and chronic venous insufficiency. The development of minimally invasive surgical techniques—such as endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and sclerotherapy—has created opportunities to reduce postoperative complications, shorten recovery time, and improve cosmetic and functional outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the National Scientific Center of Surgery named after A.N. Syzganov in Almaty, Kazakhstan, between January 2019 and December 2024. The study included 481 patients diagnosed with VVD, divided into two groups: Group I (n=305) underwent traditional surgical treatment (ligation and vein stripping), while Group II (n=176) received minimally invasive interventions (EVLA, RFA, or sclerotherapy). Data on demographics, CEAP classification, Doppler ultrasound parameters, intraoperative characteristics, postoperative complications, and recovery time were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression (p<0.05). Results: Minimally invasive methods showed significantly shorter operative times (43.2 vs. 78.6 min), less intraoperative blood loss (48.9 vs. 160.3 ml), and fewer complications (6.8% vs. 16.9%). Postoperative pain (VAS) and hospital stay were significantly lower in the minimally invasive group. However, traditional surgery was more often used in advanced cases (C3–C4 stages). Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgical methods for VVD are associated with fewer complications, faster recovery, and greater patient satisfaction. However, traditional approaches remain essential in severe cases. Individualized treatment planning based on clinical stage and patient characteristics is key to achieving optimal outcomes.