Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of microclimatic conditions in livestock housing on the physiological condition and milk productivity of cows in the winter-spring period. The experiment was conducted in a tie-stall barn without a roof, where three zones were designated for animal placement: at the entrance, in the center, and at the end of the building. For each group, the main parameters of the microenvironment (temperature, humidity, air velocity, ammonia and CO₂ concentrations, illumination) were recorded monthly, as well as the clinical indicators of the cows (body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate). In addition, gross milk productivity was determined based on milk yield during the milking period. The results showed that the best microclimatic conditions were in the area at the entrance (group 1), where optimal temperature and humidity values, lower concentrations of harmful gases, and high light intensity were observed. Animals in this group had the most stable physiological indicators and maximum productivity (2772±20 kg). In the center of the room (group 2), conditions were less favorable, which was accompanied by signs of physiological stress in cows and a decrease in milk yield (2687±18 kg). The indicators of the third group were at an intermediate level. Thus, a clear relationship was established between the microclimate of the room, the health status of the animals, and their productivity level. The data obtained emphasize the importance of optimizing the parameters of the indoor environment of cowsheds to ensure physiological comfort and increase the efficiency of dairy farming.