Abstract
The study was conducted in 2024 at the «Lbishin» farm in Akzhaik District, West Kazakhstan Region, and focused on early pregnancy diagnosis in Kazakh White-headed cows. A total of 70 pregnant cows were examined, with 12 selected for in-depth analysis at different stages of gestation (3rd, 4th, and 5th months). The study employed a comprehensive diagnostic approach including rectal palpation, ultrasonography, blood biochemical and hematological tests, milk analysis, and rapid progesterone-based tests. Rectal palpation proved effective in identifying gestational changes in uterine structure, fetal mobility, and anatomical development. Ultrasonography enabled visualization of the fetus and its physiological parameters, including heart rate, position, and blood supply. This technique was particularly valuable in detecting abnormalities and ensuring fetal viability at early stages. Biochemical analysis of blood serum revealed significant physiological shifts: albumin levels declined with gestation, while total protein, ALT, and urea levels increased, indicating metabolic adaptation. Glucose concentrations remained below reference values throughout, possibly reflecting energy redistribution for fetal needs. Hematological results showed a progressive rise in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, consistent with increased oxygen demand during pregnancy. Leukocyte subpopulations also changed markedly, suggesting immune modulation. Platelet indices increased, indicating adjustments in coagulation function. Milk analysis revealed a consistent increase in fat, protein, and density values with gestation progression, supporting the use of milk parameters as auxiliary pregnancy indicators. Rapid tests effectively identified progesterone-related hormonal changes. The integration of various diagnostic methods provided high accuracy and reliability in determining pregnancy and assessing reproductive health.