Abstract
The relevance of this review is associated with the increasing antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp.and Escherichia colistrains isolated from poultry production. These microorganisms, being the main causative agents of intestinal infections, pose asignificant threat to public health due to their potential transmission through the food chain.The aim of the review is to analyze the resistance features of Salmonella spp.and E. coli, the distribution of resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tetA, sul1,etc.), plasmids, and horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of resistance control measures by comparing global experience with the situation in Kazakhstan.Recent studies have demonstrated that poultry productsrepresent a major reservoir of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria. Salmonella enteritidisand other serovars exhibit widespread resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes frequently reported. Genetic investigations revealed the wide dissemination of resistance determinants, including tetA, tetB, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, sul1–3, aadA,and catIIgenes, as well as integrons and plasmids.The findings of the review indicate that the prevalence of MDR strains is lower in Europe and the USA due to well-established monitoring systems, whereas resistance remains moderate to high in Asia and Africa. In Kazakhstan, measures are limited to the implementation of the 2023–2027 Roadmap for antimicrobial resistance containment. In conclusion, poultry products are confirmed to be an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria, and the necessity to strengthen the national epidemiological surveillance system and to integrate Kazakhstan into international One Health initiatives has been emphasized