INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN PIGS: MODERN DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES

Nazerke Kydyr, Аida Daugaliyeva, Saule T. Daugaliyeva, R.Sh. Asaubaev, S.S. Vitmer, Y Qi

2025

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DOI 10.52578/2305-9397-2025-3-2-53-65
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the epizootic situation and a comparative analysis of methods for diagnosing infectious diseases in pigs in Kazakhstan for the period 2018–2023. The study is based on data from national veterinary laboratories, reports from the Ministry of Agriculture of theRepublic of Kazakhstan, and publications from international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed). The possibilities of traditional (serology, bacteriology) and modern molecular methods (PCR, qPCR, next-generation sequencing, microchips) were studied. It was found that PCR remains the most widely used method for early diagnosis, while NGS and microchips are promising for detecting new pathogens and analyzing the immune response. The results of the studies confirm the need to introduce molecular technologies into veterinary practice in Kazakhstan to improve biosafety and reduce economic losses.The aim of the study is to analyze modern molecular diagnostic methods that enable early detection of pathogens and reduce the risk of disease spread.The objectives include studying the capabilities of molecular technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, microchips, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), as well as determining their significance for the accurate identification of pathogens and differentiation of their species and strains. Special attention is paid to the role of molecular markers, which allow not only to diagnose infectious processes, but also to predict their course and develop effective prevention and treatment measures.A trend towards the active introduction of molecular diagnostics and NGS technologies into veterinary practice has been identified, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of epizootic monitoring, improving infection control, and developing new therapeutic approaches. The conclusion was made about the high importance of early diagnosis for ensuring the biological safety of livestock and increasing the economic efficiency of pig farming enterprises.