Abstract
One of the most important resources for the production of high-quality feed is low-yield arable land. Their use for sowing annual and perennial forage crops allows for the formation of agrophytocenoses of varioustypes, ensuring the production of inexpensive and complete feed raw materials. The introduction of agrophytocenoses involving such crops as sweet clover, alfalfa, sainfoin, as well as the cultivation of highly productive annual varieties of forage crops plays a key role in the development of forage production in Northern Kazakhstan and an increase in the production of vegetable protein.Scientific research was carried out by LLP "North Kazakhstan Research Institute of Agriculture" on the basis of LLP "AsiaTarangul", located in the Yesil district of the North Kazakhstan region.As part of the research, the following observations and records were carried out: meteorological observations; measurement of snow cover height; determination of productive soil moisture at a depth of 0-100 cm during the sowing period; phenological observations of plants during the growing season; dynamics of plant density and height; collection of data on green and dry mass yield; and analysis of feed quality, including their nutritional value and energy and protein content (for the 2024 harvest).The highest stand density was recorded in the alfalfa-brome grass mixture both at spring and summer sowing dates: 47 and 76 plants/m² in spring, and 44 and 70 plants/m² in summer for alfalfaand brome, respectively.Among perennial grasses, the highest dry mass yield was shown by the alfalfa-brome mixture at spring sowing date —26.0 c/ha. This variant also demonstrated the best values for feed units (15.6 c/ha), digestible protein (2.6 c/ha) and exchange energy (23.9 GJ/ha), which exceeded the values of the mixture of sweet clover and brome grass by 5.5 c/ha, 0.9 c/ha and 7.9 GJ/ha, respectively.Among annual crops sown in spring, the most productive was sudan grass with an indicator of 27.2 c/ha.The maximum yield of exchange energy was recorded for spring vetch: 22.2 GJ/ha with spring sowing and 20.1 GJ/ha with summer sowing