Abstract
Fungal pathogens, particularly representatives of the genera Moniliniaand Venturia, pose a serious threat to apple (Malus domestica) production in temperate climate regions. Among them, Moniliniaspecies cause moniliosis (brown rot), while Venturia inaequalisis the causal agent of apple scab—both diseases result in significant economic losses and reduce fruit quality in orchards.Moniliniaspecies are known as pathogens responsible for fruit rot, blossom blight, and shoot dieback. In recent years, the invasive species M. polystromahas attracted researchers' attention due to its high aggressiveness and expanding range in European apple orchards. These pathogens cause round, sunken necrotic lesions on fruits with active sporulation, leading to fruit mummification and the persistence of infection within the orchard.In turn, Venturia inaequalisremains one of the most widespread and damaging pathogens of apple, particularly in cool and humid climates. It primarily affects leaves and young fruits, causing characteristic olive-brown to black spots thatcan lead to premature leaf fall, fruit deformation, and a reduction in commercial value.The present study presents the results of a field survey aimed at detecting and preliminarily identifying Moniliniaand Venturiapathogens based on the evaluation of visible disease symptoms in cultivated apple orchards. The obtained data help clarify the species composition and visual manifestation of major fungal diseases in the agroecosystems of the Almaty Region. These findingsare important for improving phytosanitary monitoring and developing integrated plant protection strategies for sustainable apple production