Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of chemical plant protection products (PPPs) on the quality of the environment and apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh.). Thestudy includes a review of modern research methodologies, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of chemical and eco-friendly biological plant protection methods, and an evaluation of risks to ecosystems and human health. Data from field experiments,laboratory studies, and pollutant transport models in water bodies were used. Special attention is given to the effects of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides on the organoleptic and biochemical properties of fruits, as well as to negative environmental impacts such as biomagnification in aquatic ecosystems and the accumulation of residual pollutants in the soil. The review presents an analysis of domestic and international studies, referencing regulatory documents and the latest publications from 2011 to 2025. The key findings indicate that the integrated use of PPPs, when strictly adhering to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) principles, effectively reduces plant diseases; however, it poses risks to ecosystems, highlighting the need for a transition to sustainable and environmentally safe plant protection methods