Abstract
The article examines the influence of the layout scheme of sowing complexes on their productivity and soil condition. The layout of the unit affects parameters such as weight, soil pressure and energy indicators, which directly affects the efficiency of using agricultural machinery. The authors study three options for the layout of a machine-tractor unit: a tractor with a hopper and a tillage tool in different configurations. The study found that placing the hopper in front of the tractor reduces the traction resistance of the complex, thereby improving its energy efficiency. Different layout schemes have different effects on soil density and hardness, which affects crop yields. The main conclusion of the study is that the optimal layout reduces the anthropogenic impact on the soil, while providing higher yields. As a result of the analysis, rational schemes are proposed that can help farmers maintain the soil structure and increase field productivity. This research is useful for developing more efficient layouts of agricultural aggregates, allowing for sustainable farming and preserving soil fertility for a long time. Also, the proposed solutions can reduce the cost of equipment and its maintenance