Abstract
This study examines the structural and semantic functions of figurative elements—metaphors, symbols, lexical markers, and sensory imagery—in the lyric poetry of Magzhan Zhumabayev (1893–1938), a prominent figure in early twentieth-century Kazakh literature. The research investigates how these microstructural units construct artistic imagery, evoke emotional resonance, and reflect the psychological, cultural, and historical contexts of the period. The analysis addresses dominant types of poetic detail, their thematic distribution, and their role in meaning-making. An interdisciplinary methodology integrates close textual analysis, comparative stylistics, cognitive poetics, and semiotic interpretation. The corpus comprises five symbolically rich poems — Jaraly zhan (A Soul in Pain), Zhogalǵan altyn (he Lost Radiance of Gold), Osy kúngi kúi (The Tune of This Day), Sargaídym (I Faded Away), and Súıgenime (For My Beloved). A total of 143 poetic details were identified and classified through frequency-based and qualitative analysis, revealing recurrent motifs, thematic clusters, and stylistic devices. Findings show that Zhumabayev's figurative elements function as integral cognitive-emotional and cultural signifiers rather than ornamental features. They serve as vehicles for national memory, personal reflection, and philosophical engagement, enhancing thematic unity and reader empathy. The study proposes a systematic typology of figurative elements in Zhumabayev's lyricism, demonstrating their centrality to his artistic style and their fusion of national cultural symbols with universal human emotions. By combining literary, linguistic, and philosophical perspectives, this research advances Kazakh literary studies and offers broader implications for comparative poetics and multilingual literature education.