Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes of child trafficking and the legal mechanisms for its prevention from the perspective of contemporary legal theories. It examines the key socio-economic, criminological, and institutional factors that contribute to the emergence of this phenomenon. Special attention is given to gaps in international and national legislation, as well as opportunities for improvement by considering normative, positive, and natural legal approaches. Child trafficking thrives in contexts of family dysfunction, poverty, inequality, inadequate protection and neglect. Perpetrators often target children from extremely poor families or those who have been abandoned by their parents and caregivers. Conflicts, economic problems and environmental disasters make children, especially unaccompanied and separated young migrants, more vulnerable. Traffickers use online platforms, social media and the dark web to contact, exploit and control children. They use modern technology to avoid detection and distribute violent content. Children’s unsupervised use of the internet and social media, often without adequate security measures, can further expose them to exploitation. Contemporary legal theories analyzing the issue of child trafficking offer a more comprehensive perspective on this phenomenon. They aim to integrate traditional legal approaches with modern social, economic, and technological factors. This article examines the key approaches and directions of contemporary legal theory in combating child trafficking. The article develops recommendations for strengthening legal mechanisms for the protection of children, developing effective preventive measures and harmonizing international best practices. The article presents recommendations for strengthening legal mechanisms for child protection, developing effective preventive measures, and coordinating best international practices. The research findings may be useful for lawyers, law enforcement officers, human rights specialists, and policymakers involved in developing state policies against child trafficking.