Abstract
As a social state, Kazakhstan has implemented a range of active measures in the field of social protection for persons with disabilities or limited capabilities, in accordance with international standards. This article demonstrates that the analysis of disability issues in Kazakhstan requires an integrated approach, taking into account sociological, psychological, socio-cultural, and legal models, as well as the perspective of cultural pluralism. It is noted that the evolution of models-from the medical model previously used by the World Health Organization, to the social model, and subsequently to the modern social-environmental model (inclusion model), has significantly influenced the development of this field in Kazakhstan. The article also examines the scientific foundations of the approach adopted by Kazakhstani society in addressing disability-related challenges, its practical outcomes, and the current scientific-methodological and methodological aspects of resolving accumulated issues in this domain. By analyzing the academic work of domestic and international researchers studying the organization of inclusive education in the context of digitalization, the author emphasizes the importance of exploring not only the socio-economic, medical-demographic, and environmental factors influencing disability, but also how persons with disabilities are perceived by society, along with the particularities of their daily lives and spiritual world.