Abstract
This article analyzes the issue of a significant proportion of hard-to-recover reserves remaining in place during the development of oil fields due to low reservoir permeability, insufficient water flooding, and heterogeneity of the collector. In such conditions, one of the most effective methods of enhancing oil recovery is considered to be the hydraulic fracturing (HF) technology. Hydraulic fracturing is a method of mechanical impact on the productive formation, which involves injecting fluid under high pressure to create fractures. After the formation of fractures, under the influence of fluid pressure, the fractures expand and connect with the system of natural fractures previously not penetrated by the well, thereby covering zones with very low permeability that were not previously drained. HF ensures the formation of artificial fractures in the productive formation by injecting fluid under high pressure and allows the inclusion of previously undrained zones. The paper scientifically describes the history of the development of HF technology, the characteristics of injected fluids and proppant types, and the relevance and effectiveness of multi-stage HF operations. It also analyzes the design of parameters for near-wellbore impact, the requirements for equipment operating pressure, and the calculation of hydraulic parameters. The obtained results confirm the high potential of the HF method in increasing oil production in low-permeability reservoirs and the need for its broader industrial application.