Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive legal and scientific analysis of the institution of adoption within the civil proceedings system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Adoption is considered not only as a legal act that establishes kinship between the adopter and the child but also as a form of social adaptation for minors left without parental care. The study covers both substantive and procedural aspects of adoption, which is conducted exclusively through court proceedings within the framework of special procedure. Based on the analysis of current legislation, judicial practice, statistical data from 2020 to 2024, and academic sources, the article identifies key issues related to adoption, including cases of fictitious adoption. Special attention is paid to the legal status of interested parties, classification of contentious situations, and legislative gaps concerning the invalidation of adoption decisions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the formulation of an original concept of fictitious adoption as an independent ground for declaring an adoption invalid. The authors propose concrete measures to improve the current legislation: introducing a specific article into the Code «On Marriage and Family», clarifying the powers of interested parties, and regulating post adoption monitoring procedures. The article concludes with the necessity of comprehensive legislative reform to strengthen judicial oversight, protect children’s rights, and prevent misuse of the adoption system.